The meeting was convened on Zoom by Director Dr. Rex Parker at 1930 with the agenda for the evening. Latest from NJDEP/WCSP is nothing further. Observatory carpet needs to be replaced and we are seeking someone with carpet experience to be liaison with a commercial installer. Zoom poll coming up in the meeting. He promoted the JPL Night Sky Network briefly and asked members to register there. Nearly 100 members have joined the AAAP Discord channel. Coming into spring galaxy season.
At 1942 Program Chair Victor Davis introduced featured speaker Dr. Rosanne Di Stefano, and her presentation “Planets in External Galaxies.” She led a group of researchers who used Chandra X-ray Observatory satellite data to find a planet that eclipses an x-ray binary star in the Whirlpool Galaxy, Messier 51, 28 million light years away. A question period followed from 2031 to 2100.
We reconvened at 2105 for a Zoom poll about member participation at in-person events, with 41 attending on Zoom.
The Night Sky Network will be holding a training session next week for conducting public events for the release of First Light images from the James Webb Space Telescope which are expected in June. Members are encouraged to attend. NSN also offers a Roster which will be considered for our use. One advantage of the NSN Roster is that members who are registered can contact each other unless they elect privacy.
Use of the AAAP Discord Server has been growing. This is another way for members to interact. The Board is considering whether adding a New Member channel would be more confusing or more helpful.
Member Debra Mayes has been working at revamping the AAAP Facebook pages and looking into securing admin rights
Observatory Co Chair Dave Skitt reported that:
A number of Keyholders have resigned from their duties. In order to maintain reasonable manning levels, the Board approved that the number of teams be reduced from 6 to 5. Knowledge of telescopes and the night sky is not a prerequisite, so new members will be invited to begin Keyholder training as a way to learn about both.
The Observatory Public Nights season will be delayed and begin on April 15. There is a tentative visit by 30 Scouts on April 2.
We are still waiting for the state to respond to our proposed Observatory column repairs.
The Loaner Program is getting close. Member Todd Reichart is working on verbiage.
Assistant Director Larry Kane announced that he would like to Pass on his role as AAAP Archivist and Editor Surabhi Agarwal volunteered on the spot.
Both Larry Kane and Dave Skitt shared that they are planning expeditions south to some location near Austin, Texas to try for better weather for the total solar eclipse on April 8, 2024. Member David Owen added that he knows of an astronomy club with a dark sky sight that might be willing to host AAAP.
It was noted that NEAF 2022 has been cancelled due to continuing Covid issues and supply chain issues that have caused a number of vendors to withdraw for this year. NEAF 2023 will be on April 15 &16.
The meeting was formally adjourned shortly at about 2200.
The meeting was convened on Zoom by Director Dr. Rex Parker at 1930 with the agenda for the evening. Officers also in attendance were Treasurer Michel Mitrano, Program Chair Victor Davis, Outreach Chair Bill Murray, Observatory Co-Chairs Dave & Jen Skitt, and Secretary Gene Allen. Members attending were Sidereal Times Editor Surabhi Jan-Agarwal, John Church, Ira Polans, Rich Sherman, and via email submissions, Debbie Mayes.
Meetings Venue
The University is continuing to be closed to us as outsiders due to Covid for the spring but there may be a chance to return in the fall. However, substantial impending construction on campus will remote all Peyton Hall parking, further threatening its suitability for us.
The Institute for Advanced Studies has more than adequate facilities for our use and members Lee Sandberg (current IAS Public Communication Liaison) and Bob Vanderbei (former scholar) both support and will present our request to the incoming new director.
We are also investigating the possibility of meeting in the NJ State Museum Planetarium.
Because of our forced transition to Zoom meetings, we have acquired some members too remote to ever attend in person. We anticipate the need to develop a hybrid meeting format which includes a video component even when we can once again meet in person.
Social Media & Meeting Recordings
Confusion remains about the credentials needed to rework our Facebook pages. Member Debbie Mayes is digging into it, with support and assistance from members Dave Skitt, Jim Poinsett, Bill Murray, and John Miller. Either we gain access, or we have to start over.
Assimilating New Members
Some new members jump right in but others hang back, intimidated by the apparent expertise of some of our members or just bewildered at where to start. It has been worse since the Zoom meetings but was not easy before.
We can try to develop Discord as a forum through which to ask questions and request help. Adding another channel could be confusing, but a New Members channel might be helpful.
NSN can offer members a way to contact other members.
We could develop a Welcoming Committee and schedule a Meet & Greet event, if we had a venue
We could schedule a Bring Your Scope to the Observatory Field for Help event.
At present there is no one tasked with or focused on member engagement.
Night Sky Network
Rex has been encouraging members to register as AAAP members on NSN, and there has been a surge in new registrations. We need some members to learn more about what NSN offers and develop our participation there. If we could make the NSN Membership Roster work in place of our own, it would offer 3 advantages:
– Members would maintain their own contact information
– Members could choose to contact each other
– All Board members could be listed as Coordinators so as to access or download the current Roster whenever needed
Gene is looking into the feasibility of this alternative.
Observatory and Outreach Public Policy
While we all feel as if relaxation of Covid protocols is imminent, nothing has yet changed. For the present time, we will continue with the limitations imposed last year on activity at the observatory. Outreach will continue to be limited to hosting at the observatory.
Observatory Maintenance & Equipment
A number of Keyholders have declined to continue in that capacity. There are a few in training but it was decided to reduce the number of teams from 6 to 5. That increases the frequency of duty but keeps the team staffing level more reasonable. A suggestion to drop Full Moon nights from the schedule was rather strongly opposed as too confusing. It was reported that visitor attendance at the Planetarium is 3-4 times higher that it was before Covid.
The water line that froze and ruptured in the bathroom due to a leaking supply valve in the Nature Center has been repaired, hopefully in such a way that precludes future failures, whether or not park maintenance fixes the problem.
The leak soaked the carpeting, which was removed and discarded. The Board approved hiring professional installation of replacement carpet. We will seek someone with experience or interest to coordinate the professional installation. Concern was expressed about replacing the carpet before the park fixes the leaking valve. We told that the park may never fix it and were assured that a leak would not reach the carpet again.
Once again it was repeated that all state requirements have been met and we are awaiting their approval of our project to replace the deteriorating piers.
The Ultrastar camera has been installed on the Explore Scientific refractor once more.
There was some discussion about managing Zoom meetings, that one can mute all or not, and putting “spotlight” on the guest speaker avoids attendees unmuting and popping up on the screen.
I am a retired Electrical Engineer. I received a BEE from Villanova University and a MSEE from Stevens Institute of Technology. My wife and I have lived in Hillsborough for almost 30 years where we raised two sons who are both living productive lives (yeah!). I spent the first half of my professional career with AT&T/Bell Labs mostly at Murray Hill but had stints in other NJ locations as well. I finished my career working in the Solar industry designing solar arrays sized from small residential rooftops to very large utility-scale ground mount systems. I have always had an interest in life beyond planet earth and have read many books on space-related topics. This past fall, I took an Intro to Astronomy course through the Princeton Adult School and that prompted me to purchase my first telescope. I have an 8” Dobs and have enjoyed learning how to find and observe things in the night sky. I look forward to meeting the other members of the club and expanding my knowledge of all things space.
My tribute to Dr. Eugene Parker, who passed away a few days back. He was a pioneer in the studies of the Sun. His ideas were rejected initially and later gained strength on the finding of evidence. A NASA spacecraft launched in 2018 to study the Sun was named in his honor. I wrote a blog in September 2018 about the launch.
The Sun was an enigma for thousands of years. Considered as a center of power, it has a representation in the form of godly status in almost every mythology the world over. Although the sustainer of life in the form of supplying heat and light to us, we knew very little about the inner workings. It was not until the early decades of the last century that nuclear forces were discovered and the nuclear fusion reactions occurring in the Sun were explained. The nuclear fusion reactions are burning Hydrogen to generate Helium and giving out the light and heat which is sustaining life on Earth. Once the Sun runs out of Hydrogen, it will die in about 5 billion years.
The second part of the story was about how the Sun is layered. It is not just one giant ball having uniform characteristics. Like Earth has different layers from the center to the Surface, and the different characteristic features on the Surface, the Sun also consists of different layers. It certainly is a very violent place to get even close to.
The core of the Sun is the hottest at about 15 million degrees. This temperature is enough to sustain the nuclear fusion reaction. The temperature gradually reduces till the surface which is known as the photosphere. This is the place from which we receive our light and heat. The temperature there is about 5800 degrees. The outer layer of the Sun is the Corona, which is visible during a total solar eclipse. It is very hot, running into ten to twenty million degrees. It is strange that Corona, which is the outer layer, is hotter, compared to the inner photosphere.
In addition to the light and heat, the Sun also gives out charged particles, which are a mix of electrons and protons which shoot out at high speeds. Dr. Parker’s crucial insight was that this flow of particles would follow the same dynamics as the water and gasses from a comet, which do not really form a tail, but move in a direction away from the Sun. The calculations showed that the flow started slow near the sun and accelerated to supersonic speeds as it moved away. This is also known as the solar wind.
We don’t feel the solar wind on the Earth because the magnetic field of the Earth deflects the wind away. The winds can be observed as northern and southern lights in the sky closer to the poles. Without this protection, there would be no life on Earth. Sometimes the winds are very intense and have the potential to destroy electronics in satellites in space and on Earth. Earth’s magnetism plays a crucial role other than helping us navigate using compasses on the ground.
Just using conventional physics of Maxwell’s equations (formulated by James Clerk Maxwell), Dr. Parker was able to postulate the existence of solar winds. But back in the 1950s, the scientific community was very skeptical. His paper was published after Dr. Chandrasekhar Subrahmanyan, a colleague and an Editor from University of Chicago, intervened on his behalf and overrode the objections, although he himself was skeptical too. Earlier, Dr. Subrahmanyan helped Dr. Parker to find a job. Four years later, Dr. Parker was vindicated when Mariner 2, a NASA spacecraft en route to Venus, observed energetic particles streaming through interplanetary space. Now solar wind is a scientific fact.
In 1972, Dr. Parker proposed that a multitude of tiny solar flares were heating the corona and causing it to be hotter than the inner layers. To confirm this and study the Sun in detail, a NASA space probe named in Dr. Parker’s honor was launched in 2018. That study being done in the Sun’s neighborhood at 4 million miles away, is still work in progress.
My respects to Dr. Parker who has enhanced our understanding of the Sun and the hope is that his namesake which is still out there closer to the Sun will add more so.
With the many cloudy nights, I’m grateful that at least I could get some lunar observing in!
Enjoying the rugged southern highlands of the Moon 3/11/22. Such an interesting region to explore and home to some craters you may already know.
📷: iPhone 13 🔭: @celestronuniverse NexStar Evolution 8 Zoom eyepiece at ~20 mm
3/13/22, the terminator favors another fun crater, Gassendi or the “Diamond Ring.” You can see why some call it that. It is located on the northern edge of Mare Humorum, and was named for French astronomer Pierre Gassendi.
All images taken by member Madhup Rathi in a permanent observatory in New Mexico. AG Optical 10″ f/6.7 on Paramount MX, with QSI 683wsg. Guiding using Sky X and Lodestar, using CCD Commander for automation. Stacking/Mosaic in Maxim DL and Stretching in Pixinsight with final touches in Photoshop Elements.
Jodrell Bank Observatory to open £21.5m visitor attraction The Jodrell Bank Observatory in Cheshire is to open a new £21.5m interactive visitor attraction. The First Light Pavilion, due to open on 4 June, will showcase archives and artefacts together with animations and projections…more
-BBC
Astronaut Tim Peake opens Space Park Leicester Space Park Leicester will act as a base for scientists, researchers and businesses to work collaboratively across laboratories and offices. Professor Richard Ambrosi, from the University of Leicester, said the site represented “one of the largest groupings of space-related researchers of any institution in the UK”…more
-BBC
Nasa’s giant new SLS Moon rocket makes its debut The American space agency has rolled out its new giant Moon rocket for the first time. The vehicle, known as the Space Launch System (SLS), was taken to Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida to conduct a dummy countdown…more
-NYT
Eugene N. Parker, 94, Dies; Predicted the Existence of Solar Wind At first, almost no one believed his findings on gigantic eruptions from the sun. Today, a NASA mission to fly through its outer atmosphere is named after him. Eugene N. Parker, the astrophysicist who predicted the existence of the solar wind…more
-BBC
Blue plaque to honour Cambridge University ‘Big Bang’ scientist A blue plaque will honour the astronomer and cosmologist Sir Fred Hoyle, who coined the term “Big Bang”. It will be erected on a wall of the house where he lived in Great Abington, Cambridgeshire, from 1946 to 1956. Sir Fred discovered how carbon and all of the heavier elements…more
-sNYT
James Webb: ‘Fully focused’ telescope beats expectations The American space agency has achieved a major milestone in its preparation of the new James Webb Space Telescope. Engineers say they have now managed to fully focus the $10bn observatory on a test star. The pin-sharp performance is even better than hoped, they add…more
-BBC
Making a Camera That Works a Million Miles Away When the James Webb Space Telescope sent its first images to Earth, no one was more excited than Marcia J. Rieke, who oversaw the design and construction of its camera. Being responsible for an instrument like NIRCam is like a repeated roller coaster ride…more
– BBC
Scientists claim hairy black holes explain Hawking paradox Scientists say they have solved one of the biggest paradoxes in science first identified by Prof Stephen Hawking. He highlighted that black holes behave in a way that puts two fundamental theories at odds with each other…more
-NYT
How a Tiny Asteroid Strike May Save Earthlings From City-Killing Space Rocks Movies that imagine an asteroid or comet catastrophically colliding with Earth always feature a key scene: a solitary astronomer spots the errant space chunk hurtling toward us, prompting panic and a growing feeling of existential dread as the researcher tells the wider world….more
-NYT
Ice Volcanoes Reshape Pluto and Hint at a Hidden Ocean In July 2015, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft gave humanity its only close-up of Pluto. The spacecraft found that the dwarf planet, far from being a featureless and frigid orb, was an ostentatious world with epic impact craters, methane ice and nitrogen snow…more
-BBC
Hubble: ‘Single star’ detected at record-breaking distance They’ve nicknamed it “Earendel” and it’s the most distant, single star yet imaged by a telescope. The light from this object has taken 12.9 billion years to reach us. It’s at the sort of distance that telescopes normally would only be able to resolve galaxies containing millions of stars…more
by Rex Parker, PhD director@princetonastronomers.org
The Sun Strikes Back. In the book of unintended consequences, a whole new chapter is being written on satellite constellations. These small but numerous low orbit communication satellites are intended to bring fast internet to underserved regions. Their appearance as a strings of lights arcing across the evening sky may be a brief wonder to casual observers, but poison to astronomers who have yet to find an antidote. Reflected sunlight from the satellites is bright enough to cause serious problems for professional observatory instruments and for amateur astrophotography. Throughout the space age, previous satellites such as Iridium were placed into much higher orbits and were far fewer in number. The geometry of fast data transmission around the planet envisioned by Starlink and other commercial projects requires great numbers of satellites (tens of thousands) at relatively low altitudes (typically ~130 miles). Our guest speaker in April will address the challenges to the astronomy community, so I won’t go into more detail here, except to say that the situation has caught the astronomy community off guard.
A brief potential remedy recently came to light. We might think of our sun as being very stable and constant in its energy output, but solar physics and the new solar orbiting satellites are showing how turbulent it can be. On Feb 15 Solar Orbiter spacecraft run by the European Space Agency (ESA) was well positioned to observe the largest solar prominence since its launch last year. This event reached millions of miles into space, though perhaps fortunately for us it originated on the side of the sun. Prominences are often associated with coronal mass ejections which, if aimed towards Earth, can be energetic enough to destroy technology and disrupt human society. NASA’s Parker Solar Probe has also been studying these events and providing new insights into the physics of the huge structures of solar plasma controlled by the sun’s magnetic fields.
Maybe these coronal mass ejections are just what is needed to slow down the satellite constellation projects until plans to prevent their damage to the dark night sky can be developed. Another significant outburst from the sun occurred before the recent launch by SpaceX of another round of 49 Starlink satellites on Feb 3. As summarized by the New York Times in article on Feb 9, a geomagnetic storm triggered by that solar outburst caused increased atmospheric drag on the newly launched satellites as they approached their intended 130 mile orbits above the earth’s surface. This led to premature deorbiting of 40 of the 49 satellites, which are in the process of re-entering Earth’s atmosphere where they will be incinerated. The solar wind has a strong effect on the Earth’s magnetosphere and energetic events from the sun can cause changes in the density of the upper layer of the atmosphere. Solar experts say that it’s possible and even likely that future solar outbursts could eliminate more newly deployed Starlinks n the future. The sun has an 11 year activity cycle and is now in an uptrend with peak expected in 2025, perhaps just in time to put the brakes on the deployment of the satellite constellations.
An Amazing Explorer’s Legacy – the Henize Objects. In a recent project my astrophotography group, using a 24” Planewave telescope high in the Andes in Chile, targeted the object known as Henize 70. The image below is the result of this effort. From this I became curious about the history of the Henize objects. The astronomer Karl Henize spent years studying the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the dwarf galaxy nearest us visible only from the southern hemisphere. He created a catalog of interesting objects in it during his career as Professor of Astronomy at Northwestern University. In 1967 he gave up his full professorship to became an Apollo astronaut and was actually slated to fly on Apollo 20 or 21 had the NASA project not been discontinued. In 1985 he finally did go into space on the Space Shuttle Challenger with the SpaceLab2 experiment. Henize had a lifelong interest in the LMC and created the catalog of interesting objects now bearing his name. Exploration was his game, and ultimately how he went out – at age 70 in 1994 he died climbing Mount Everest, where his body was buried at 22,000 ft.
Henize 70 in the Large Magellanic Cloud from a 24” telescope in Chile.Turbulent clouds of interstellar gas and dust surrounding high mass stars form the nebula known as Henize 70 in the southern constellation Dorado. Henize 70 is an expanding superbubble about 300 light-years in diameter. Astrophoto by RA Parker.
AAAP Speaker Presentations on You Tube. If you missed the presentations by the guest astronomers of recent AAAP meetings, you can find them on the AAAP You Tube channel. Thanks again to Victor Davis, Dave Skitt and Ira Polans for recording and editing the sessions. Here’s the link: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiJvXfK9DGCmGwiKK_Q6ieg.
The March, 2022 meeting of the AAAP will take place (virtually) on Tuesday, March 8th at 7:30 PM. (See How to Join the March Meeting below for details). This meeting is open to AAAP members and the general public. Participants will be able to log in to the meeting as early as 7:00 pm to chat informally with others who log in early. We will not be using the “waiting room;” participants will enter the meeting as soon as they log in. However, you will enter the meeting space with your microphone muted. This will help to remedy some of the background noise we experienced during some previous meetings. Please be aware you must unmute yourself to be heard by other participants.
For the Q&A session, you may ask your question using Zoom’s chat feature or you may unmute yourself and ask your question directly to the speaker. To address background noise issues, we are going to follow the rules in the table below regarding audio. If you are not speaking, please remember to mute yourself. You are encouraged, but not required, to turn your video on.
Meeting Event
Participant Can Speak?
Participant Can Self-Unmute?
Pre-meeting informal chatting
Start All on Mute
Yes
Director Rex’s General Remarks
Yes
Yes
Program Chair Victor’s Speaker Introduction
Yes
Yes
Speaker Presentation
No
No
Q&A Session
Start All on Mute
Yes
5-minute bio break
Yes
Yes
Journal Club presentation by Rich Sherman
Start All on Mute
No
Business Meeting
Start All on Mute
Yes
Director’s closing remarks/Informal chatting
No
No
Only the Business part of the meeting will be locked.
Featured Speaker: Dr. Roseanne Di Stefano, a Senior Astrophysicist at the Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian.
Most of the exoplanets (4,651+) discovered to date were detected by looking for tiny diminutions in a star’s visible light when a non-luminous object transits in front of it. Almost all exoplanets and exoplanet candidates are within 3,000 light years of Earth, well within the Milky Way galaxy. Dr. Di Stefano and her colleagues may have detected signs of an exoplanet transiting a star outside of the Milky Way, in M51, the Whirlpool Galaxy, about 28 million light years away.
They did this by examining data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory to look for dips in the brightness of X-rays received from bright X-ray binaries in galaxies M51, M101, and M104. Of the 238 binary systems observed, one exoplanet candidate turned up, now known as M51-ULS-1. This binary system contains a neutron star or black hole orbiting a 20-solar-mass companion star. Because the region glowing in X-rays is small, a transiting planet could block much or all of its X-ray emission, making it easier to spot. In the case of M51-ULS-1, the X-ray emission decreased to zero in the space of three hours. The researchers estimate the exoplanet candidate to be about the size of Saturn at about twice Saturn’s distance from the Sun. So, a confirming observation is about 70 years away.
Dr. Di Stefano will describe her research and its implications for planetary studies, including possible extensions of this work to X-ray binaries in additional galaxies and in the Milky Way.
Dr. Roseanne Di Stefano is a graduate of Queens College, CUNY, Columbia University, and SUNY Stony Brook. She’s a Senior Astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Her thesis work was on Hamiltonian dynamics and supersymmetry, but she has been researching questions in astronomy since the 1990s, first at MIT, then at Harvard and at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Her current professional interests are on binaries and triple star systems, particularly topics related to the progenitors of Type 1a supernovae, gravitational mergers, and binary self-lensing. She has conducted studies of both newly collected and archived X-ray data and is engaged in time series analysis for both X-ray and optical events, including microlensing. She is a member of the Vera Rubin Observatory’s team on transients. She’s active in science education and outreach, and in community service in the US and abroad.
AAAP webcast: This month’s AAAP meeting, beginning with Rex’s opening remarks and ending at the beginning of the business meeting, will be webcast live on YouTube and recorded for subsequent public access on AAAP’s YouTube channel. Be aware that your interactions during this segment, including questions to our guest speaker, may be recorded for posterity.
This session will be recorded and saved on YouTube. Send me an email at program@princetonastronomy.org if you have any concerns.
Using Zoom: While we are social distancing, the AAAP Board has chosen to use Zoom for our meetings, based our belief that many members have already have used Zoom and its ease of learning. One of its great features is you can choose whether you want to install the software on your computer or use it within your browser.
How to Join the March Meeting:For the meeting, we are going to follow a simple two-step process:
Please make sure you have Zoom installed on your computer. You do not need a Zoom account or need to create one to join the meeting. Nor are you required to use a webcam.
Following the post-presentation bio-break, Rich Sherman will present a travelogue of his trip to Lowell Observatory outside Flagstaff, Arizona.
We hope to make these short presentations a regular feature of our monthly meetings. We’d like to know what members are doing or what members are thinking about in the broad range of topics encompassed by astronomy. A brief ten-minute (or so) presentation is a good way to introduce yourself and the topics you care about to other club members. If you are interested in presenting a topic of interest, please contact either director@princetonastronomy.org or program@princetonastronomy.org.
A look ahead at future guest speakers:
April 12, 2022
Paul Daniels, FRAS, an active participant in the Royal Astronomical Society’s Megaconstellation Working Group, will discuss the serious threats to professional and amateur astronomy posed by launching thousands (potentially 100K+) of reflective objects into low Earth orbit.
May 10, 2022
Kenneth Chang, science writer for the New York Times who describes his beat as “chemistry, geology, solid state physics, nanotechnology, Pluto, plague and other scientific miscellany” also writes frequently on space missions and astronomy. He has not yet decided on a title or topic for his presentation.
June 14, 2022
Bill Murray, AAAP Outreach Chair and astronomer at the New Jersey State Museum will once again (following a Covid hiatus) give club members a private sky tour at the museum’s planetarium. He’ll show off the refurbished planetarium’s state-of-the-art Digital Sky 2 8K projection system. This is an opportunity to put aside Zooming and commiserate with astro-buddies in the real world.
Thanks to Bill Thomas, Ira Polans, and Dave Skitt for their valuable advice and assistance.
As always, your comments and suggestions are gratefully accepted.